This volume was created for National Space Day, on December 16, and is part of the activities to celebrate 25 years since the foundation of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). This significant milestone invites us to reflect on the goals achieved in scientific research and the new challenges that await us, particularly in the field of Space Weather. Space Weather is one of the leading research areas of the INGV Environment Department, providing new perspectives on the phenomena of interaction between the Sun and the Earth. Often, when discussing space exploration, thoughts automatically turn to the major world powers and their respective space agencies. However, few are aware that Italy was among the first countries to break through the atmosphere and access space...