The earthquake of April 24, 1901, known as the Palombara Sabina earthquake, is the most important event (Mw 5.2, I0 8 MCS) with epicenter in the Roman province. In spite of this, the earthquake has been poorly documented to date. The aim of the present work is to update the level of knowledge through a complete reappraisal of the sources, and above all an investigation for new accounts to reconstruct the actual impact on the territory. The results lead to a drastic resizing of the earthquake in terms of lower intensity and, consequently, lower macroseismic magnitude, but also to an improvement of the data supporting the general knowledge. Finally, some new information about the small Sabina earthquake of 1890 emerged during the work.